尽管量子计算拥有种种光鲜承诺，但很难说今天的量子计算机在实用性上能与经典计算机相提并论——尤其是量子比特需要在低温恒温器（cryostat）内被“呵护”在低温环境中。更麻烦的是，普通半导体晶体管并不适应这种低温，给控制电子器件带来了棘手的接口问题。
如今一个新方案是制造能在接近绝对零度温度下正常工作的超导晶体管。IEEE Spectrum 的一篇文章报道了这家名为 S-Transistors 的初创公司及其概念。
如果控制电路能放进同一个恒温器内，就可以省去穿透恒温器的大量杂乱布线，也就消除了一大故障点。他们提出的方案使用与量子比特相同的约瑟夫森结（JJ），通过足够高的电流使其短暂失去超导性，从而产生可检测的电压脉冲。
此外，他们还使用基于约瑟夫森结的场效应晶体管（JJFET），Yusheng Xiong 等人 2025 年的论文详细描述了这些结构。S-Transistors 声称目前已能大规模制造 JJFET，这将是推动量子计算更近一步的重大突破。
他们的竞争对手是低温 CMOS（Cryo-CMOS），后者可利用标准半导体产线制造耐低温电路，但无法达到超导晶体管和 JJFET 所能接近的接近零开尔文水平。
本文来源：https://hackaday.com/2026/09/30/will-superconducting-transistors-help-quantum-computers/
若有版权问题，请来信告知：13951431913#139.com 或在右方提交评论。
Despite quantum computing's many glamorous promises, it is hard to say that today's quantum computers can be considered as practical as classical computers—especially since qubits need to be "coddled" in a low-temperature environment inside a cryostat. Even more troublesome is that ordinary semiconductor transistors are not suited to such low temperatures, creating a thorny interface problem for control electronics.
A new approach now is to build superconducting transistors that function at temperatures near absolute zero. An article in IEEE Spectrum reported on this startup called S-Transistors and its concept.
If the control circuits can be placed inside the same cryostat, it eliminates the need for a tangle of wiring penetrating the cryostat and thereby removes a major source of failure. Their proposed approach uses Josephson junctions (JJ), the same ones found in qubits, and drives them with sufficiently high current to temporarily suppress superconductivity, producing detectable voltage pulses.
Additionally, they employ Josephson junction-based field-effect transistors (JJFET), structures detailed in a 2025 paper by Yusheng Xiong et al. S-Transistors claims it can already mass-produce JJFETs, which would be a major breakthrough pushing quantum computing forward.
Their competitor is cryogenic CMOS (Cryo-CMOS), which can leverage standard semiconductor fabrication lines to produce cold-tolerant circuits but cannot reach the near-zero kelvin levels achievable by superconducting transistors and JJFETs.
